During the Spanish regime, two significant revolts occurred in Bohol.
One was the Tamblot Uprising in 1621 led by a native priest or babaylan.
The other was the Dagohoy Rebellion, considered as the longest
uprising recorded in the annals of Philippine history,
led by one Francisco Dagohoy from 1744 lasting until the year 1829.

After the United States defeated Spain in the Spanish-American War,
the U.S. bought the entire Philippine islands.
However, under the newly proclaimed independent government established by
Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, which was not recognized by the US,
Bohol was governed as a Gobierno de Canton.

During the resulting Philippine-American War,
American troops under Maj. Henry Hale landed in Tagbilaran and took over the island.
The residents of the island tried to put up an organized resistance starting in September 1900.
American troops retaliated by burning 20 of Bohol's 35 municipal towns and killing hundreds of people and livestock.
Bohol surrendered to the Americans on December 23, 1900.
A peace treaty was signed in the convent of Dimiao, and peace was restored.
On March 10, 1917, the Americans made Bohol a separate province under Act 2711
(which also established most of the other Philippine provinces).